Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes que practican deportes tienen mejores indicadores de salud mental. Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre los diferentes tipos de actividad física (ejercicio sistematizado, deportes individuales y colectivos), la salud mental y la ideación suicida en adolescentes. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado con 666 adolescentes brasileños (14-19 años) que asisten a escuelas secundarias y fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los indicadores de salud mental analizados fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario de Autoinforme y el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades, incluyendo la ideación suicida. También obtuvimos información de la actividad física a través de cuestionarios. Resultados Hubo una mayor prevalencia relacionada con trastornos mentales (54.2% contra 32.5%), dificultades relacionadas con la salud mental (79.6% contra 48.4%) y pensamientos suicidas (22.9% contra 11.4%) en niñas que en niños (p < .001 para todos). Los chicos practicaban más deportes de equipo (41.0 contra 23.8), mientras que las chicas hacían más ejercicio (45.1 contra 26.5; p < .001). Discusión y conclusión La práctica de deportes de equipo ayuda en el desarrollo del espíritu colectivo, estimula la interacción social, desarrolla el razonamiento y la inteligencia emocional. Los niños que practican deportes de equipo tienen menos síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes, menos problemas de salud mental y menos ideación suicida en comparación con los niños físicamente inactivos.

Abstract Introduction Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p < .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p < .001). Discussion and conclusion The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys.

Abstract Introduction The increase in sedentary screen time can negatively affect the quality of sleep, impacting the performance of daily activities. Objective To analyze the association between sedentary screen time and sleep quality, regardless of the symptoms of anxiety in adolescents of both genders. Method Cross-sectional study integrating school-based epidemiological research with a representative sample (n = 666) of high school students (14 to 19 years old) in public schools in the municipality of Caruaru-PE. The translated versions into Portuguese of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were applied to analyze sleep quality and anxiety, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association, considering sleep quality as an outcome. Results There was a positive, statistically significant (p< .001) correlation between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety (r = .393). A significant association regarding the association between screen time and sleep quality was noted only in those adolescents classified as being possible or probable anxiety cases and only in exposure to the computer (OR = 2.337; 95% CI [1.01, 5.43]) and video games (OR = 8.083; 95% CI [2.0, 32.8]) after adjusting for gender, age, and school shift. Discussion and conclusion Increased interaction with the screen and higher levels of anxiety can be more harmful to sleep in adolescents. Exposure to screen time, specifically those which have a greater interaction such as video games and computers, can have a negative impact on sleep quality, but only in adolescents with a higher risk of anxiety.

Resumen Introducción Un elevado tiempo de exposición de pantalla puede afectar tanto la calidad del sueño como las actividades diarias. Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla sedentario y la calidad del sueño, independientemente de los síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes de ambos sexos. Método Estudio transversal que integra la investigación epidemiológica escolar con una muestra representativa (n = 666) de estudiantes (14 a 19 años) de escuelas públicas de Caruaru-PE. Las versiones traducidas al portugués del Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) se aplicaron para analizar la calidad del sueño y la ansiedad. Se utilizó regresión logística binaria para analizar la asociación, considerando como resultado la calidad del sueño. Resultados Hubo una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa (p< .001) entre la calidad del sueño y los síntomas de ansiedad (r = .393). Una asociación significativa en cuanto a la asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla y la calidad del sueño se observó sólo en adolescentes clasificados como casos posibles o probables de ansiedad y sólo en la exposición al ordenador (OR = 2.337; IC 95% [1.01, 5.43]) y videojuegos (OR = 8.083; 95% IC [2.0, 32.8]) después de los ajustes. Discusión y conclusión Una mayor interacción con la pantalla y altos niveles de ansiedad pueden ser perjudiciales para el sueño. La exposición al tiempo de pantalla, específicamente aquellos con mayor interacción, como los videojuegos y las computadoras, puede afectar negativamente la calidad del sueño, pero sólo en adolescentes con mayor riesgo de ansiedad.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre atividade física total, atividade física no tempo livre e estado nutricional com a autopercepção de saúde em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, que integra o levantamento epidemiológico transversal de base escolar e abrangência estadual, cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.261 adolescentes (14 a 19 anos) selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey. O teste de qui-quadrado (χ2) e o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foram usados nas análises dos dados. Resultados: Observou-se que 27,3% dos adolescentes tinham uma autopercepção de saúde negativa, maior entre as meninas (33,0% vs. 19,0%; p < 0,001). Após o ajuste pelos potenciais fatores de confusão, constatou-se que tinham maior chance de ter uma autopercepção de saúde negativa os meninos que não praticavam atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,44; IC 95%: 1,15-1,81) e que eram classificados como insuficientemente ativos (RP = 1,27; IC 95%: 1,04-1,56) e as meninas que não praticavam atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,15; IC 95%: 1,02-1,29) e que eram classificadas como sobrepesadas (RP = 1,27; IC 95%: 1,01-1,29). Conclusão: Questões comportamentais podem ter diferentes repercussões na autopercepção de saúde quando comparados os meninos e meninas. A autopercepção de saúde negativa esteve associada ao estado nutricional entre as meninas e a um menor nível de atividade física entre os meninos e a prática de atividade física no tempo livre foi tida como fator de proteção para uma autopercepção de saúde negativa para os adolescentes de ambos os sexos.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between total physical activities, physical activity in free time and nutritional status with self-perceived health in adolescents of both genders. Methods: This is a quantitative study that integrates the school-based, cross-sectional epidemiological survey with statewide coverage, whose sample consisted of 6261 adolescents (14 -19 years old) selected by random conglomerate sampling. Data were collected using the Global School-based Student Health Survey. The chi-squared test (χ 2) and the Poisson regression model with robust variance were used in the data analyses. Results: It was observed that 27.3% of the adolescents had a negative health self-perception, which was higher among girls (33.0% vs. 19.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was observed that boys who did not practice physical activity during free time (PR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15 -1.81) and were classified as insufficiently active (PR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04 -1.56), as well as girls who did not practice physical activity during free time (PR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02 -1.29) and were classified as overweight (PR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.29) had a greater chance of negative health self-perception. Conclusion: Behavioral issues may have different effects on health self-perception when comparing boys with girls. Negative health self-perception was associated with nutritional status in girls and a lower level of physical activity in boys, and the practice of physical activity in the free time was considered a protective factor against a negative health self-perception for adolescents of both genders.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre autopercepção negativa em saúde e violência escolar em adolescentes estudantes do Município de Olinda - PE. Estudo transversal, analítico e de base escolar com amostra constituída por 2.614 adolescentes, selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória em conglomerados. As informações foram obtidas através do questionário “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” de onde foram retiradas as questões de violência bem como da autopercepção de saúde. Os dados foram tabulados pelo programa Epi-data versão 3.1 e transcrito para o SPSS versão 22. Utilizou-se os teste do Qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão logística binária stepwise para análise dos dados. Observou-se que 26,7% dos adolescentes tinham uma autopercepção negativa em saúde, sendo maior entre as moças. Em relação à violência escolar, a autopercepção negativa esteve associada ao sentimento de tristeza, pensamento suicida, bullying na escola, roubado na escola e segurança na escola. Sexo e idade também se mantiveram associadas (p < 0.05). Reforça-se a necessidade de ações de cultura e paz na adolescência, envolvendo o ambiente escolar, a fim de refletir na analise de saúde pobre dos adolescentes reduzindo também o índice de violência.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between negative self-perception of health and school violence in adolescent students of the Municipality of Olinda (PE), Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based study with a sample consisting of 2,614 adolescents selected through a strategy of random sampling in conglomerates. The information was obtained through the questionnaire “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” from which the issues of violence and self-perceived health were retrieved. Data were tabulated by Epi-data version 3.1 program and transcribed for SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test and the stepwise binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results We observed that 26.7% of adolescents had a negative self-perception of health, and this was greater among girls. Concerning school violence, negative self-perception was associated with feelings of sadness, suicidal thoughts, bullying at school, robbery at school and safety at school. Gender and age were also associated (p < 0.05). Conclusion We reinforce the need for culture and peace actions in adolescence, involving the school environment to reflect on poor health assessed by adolescents and reduce the rate of violence.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação do exercício físico e da atividade física com a percepção da qualidade do sono em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa que integra o levantamento epidemiológico transversal de base escolar e abrangência estadual cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.261 adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey. O teste do qui-quadrado e a regressão logística binária foram utilizados nas análises dos dados. Resultados: Na amostra, 29% dos adolescentes não faziam exercício e não foram classificados como fisicamente ativos. Os adolescentes que não praticavam exercício físico tinham mais chances de apresentar uma percepção negativa da qualidade do sono (OR 1,13, IC95% 1,04-1,28; p=0,043). Não foi encontrada associação entre o nível de atividade física e a percepção da qualidade do sono (OR 1,01, IC95% 0,89-1,14; p=0,868). Ao serem avaliadas as práticas de forma isolada ou simultânea, constatou-se que aqueles que praticavam exercício físico apresentavam menor chance de terem uma percepção negativa da qualidade do sono (OR 0,82, IC95% 0,71-0,95) e, ao praticarem exercício e, paralelamente, terem uma vida fisicamente ativa, essas chances diminuíam ainda mais (OR 0,79, IC95% 0,68-0,93). Conclusões: Ser classificado como fisicamente ativo, por si só, não foi suficiente para uma melhor percepção da qualidade do sono, pois apenas a prática de exercício físico apresentou tal associação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of exercises and physical activity with the perception of sleep quality by adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological survey with statewide coverage, whose sample was composed of 6,261 adolescents (14-19 years old) who were selected by random sampling of conglomerates. The Global School-Based Student Health Survey questionnaire was used for data collection. The chi-square test and the binary logistic regression were applied for data analyses. Results: In the sample, 29% of adolescents did not exercise and were not classified as physically active. Adolescents who did not exercise were more likely to present a negative perception of sleep quality (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.28, p=0.043). No association between the level of physical activity and the perception of sleep quality was found (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.14, p=0.868). Those who practiced exercises only had less chance of perceiving sleep quality as poor (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71-0.95). However, those who practiced exercise and had a physically active life had less chances of having a negative perception of their sleep (OR 0.79, 95%CI 0.68-0.93). Conclusions: Practicing physical activity alone was not enough to increase the chances of positive sleep quality perception. Only physical exercise had a positive association with sleep quality perception.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre autopercepção negativa em saúde e violência escolar em adolescentes estudantes do Município de Olinda - PE. Estudo transversal, analítico e de base escolar com amostra constituída por 2.614 adolescentes, selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória em conglomerados. As informações foram obtidas através do questionário “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” de onde foram retiradas as questões de violência bem como da autopercepção de saúde. Os dados foram tabulados pelo programa Epi-data versão 3.1 e transcrito para o SPSS versão 22. Utilizou-se os teste do Qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão logística binária stepwise para análise dos dados. Observou-se que 26,7% dos adolescentes tinham uma autopercepção negativa em saúde, sendo maior entre as moças. Em relação à violência escolar, a autopercepção negativa esteve associada ao sentimento de tristeza, pensamento suicida, bullying na escola, roubado na escola e segurança na escola. Sexo e idade também se mantiveram associadas (p < 0.05). Reforça-se a necessidade de ações de cultura e paz na adolescência, envolvendo o ambiente escolar, a fim de refletir na analise de saúde pobre dos adolescentes reduzindo também o índice de violência.

Abstract Objective To verify the association between negative self-perception of health and school violence in adolescent students of the Municipality of Olinda (PE), Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical and school-based study with a sample consisting of 2,614 adolescents selected through a strategy of random sampling in conglomerates. The information was obtained through the questionnaire “Youth Risk Behavior Survey” from which the issues of violence and self-perceived health were retrieved. Data were tabulated by Epi-data version 3.1 program and transcribed for SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test and the stepwise binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results We observed that 26.7% of adolescents had a negative self-perception of health, and this was greater among girls. Concerning school violence, negative self-perception was associated with feelings of sadness, suicidal thoughts, bullying at school, robbery at school and safety at school. Gender and age were also associated (p < 0.05). Conclusion We reinforce the need for culture and peace actions in adolescence, involving the school environment to reflect on poor health assessed by adolescents and reduce the rate of violence.

RESUMO Introdução: O sono é um importante componente no processo de desenvolvimento biológico e mental das crianças e dos adolescentes, considerado fonte de revitalização das funções orgânicas. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o tipo e tempo de exposição à tela, a percepção da qualidade de sono e os episódios de parassonia em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incorpora um levantamento epidemiológico de base escolar com amostra representativa (n = 481) de estudantes (14 a 19 anos) do ensino médio da rede pública estadual do município de Caruaru, PE. Para a análise do sono e do estilo de vida, foi utilizada a versão traduzida e adaptada do Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Recorreu-se à regressão logística binária para análise da associação entre as variáveis, considerando-se como desfecho a percepção negativa da qualidade de sono. Resultados: A prevalência de percepção negativa da qualidade de sono foi de 58% (IC 95% 53,5-62,3). Entre os comportamentos analisados, verificou-se que dormir oito horas ou menos por dia e assistir mais de duas horas de TV por dia aumentam, respectivamente, 2,69 (IC 95% 1,61-4,71) e 1,71 (IC 95% 1,08-2,73) as chances de relatar percepção negativa de sono. O tempo excessivo de tela, sobretudo diante da TV, esteve associado à maior quantidade de episódios de parassonia. Conclusão: A qualidade do sono está relacionada tanto com a quantidade de horas de sono, quanto com o tempo de exposição à TV. Além disso, uma quantidade maior de episódios de parassonia ocorreu entre os adolescentes que assistem mais de três horas de TV por dia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sleep is an important component in the process of biological and mental development of children and adolescents, considered a source of revitalization of organic functions. Objective: To analyze the association between the screen type and time of exposure to the screen, the perception of sleep quality, and episodes of parasomnia in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study that incorporates a school-based epidemiological survey with a representative sample (n=481) of high school students (14-19 years old) in the public education network of the city of Caruaru, PE. For the analysis of sleep and lifestyle, the translated and adapted version of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used. The binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the variables, considering the negative perception of sleep quality as an outcome. Results: The prevalence of negative perception of sleep quality was 58% (95% CI 53.5-62.3). Among the behaviors analyzed, it was found that sleeping eight hours or less per day and watching television more than two hours per day increased, respectively, 2.69 (95% CI 1.61-4.71) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.08-2.73) the chances of reporting negative perception of sleep. Excessive screen time, especially in front of TV, was associated with a greater number of episodes of parasomnia. Conclusion: Sleep quality is related both to the number of hours of sleep and to the time of exposure to TV. In addition, a greater number of episodes of parasomnia occurred among adolescents who watched more than three hours of TV per day.

RESUMEN Introducción: El sueño es un componente importante en el proceso de desarrollo biológico y mental de los niños y adolescentes y se considera una fuente de revitalización de las funciones orgánicas. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el tipo y tiempo de exposición a la pantalla, la percepción de la calidad del sueño y los episodios de parasomnia en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incorpora una pesquisa epidemiológica de base escolar con muestra representativa (n = 481) de estudiantes (14 a 19 años) de la enseñanza media de la red pública estatal del municipio de Caruaru, PE. Para el análisis del sueño y del estilo de vida, se utilizó la versión traducida y adaptada del Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Se recurrió a la regresión logística binaria para analizar la asociación entre las variables, considerando como resultado la percepción negativa de la calidad del sueño. Resultados: La prevalencia de la percepción negativa de la calidad del sueño fue del 58% (IC 95%, 53,5-62,3). Entre los comportamientos analizados, se encontró que dormir ocho horas o menos al día y ver más de dos horas de TV al día aumentan, respectivamente, 2,69 (IC 95%, 1,61-4,71) y 1,71 (IC 95%, 1,08-2,73) las posibilidades de relatar la percepción negativa del sueño. El tiempo excesivo de pantalla, sobre todo ante la TV, se asoció con un mayor número de episodios de parasomnia. Conclusión: La calidad del sueño está relacionada tanto con la cantidad de horas de sueño, como con el tiempo de exposición a la TV. Además, una cantidad mayor de episodios de parasomnia ocurrió entre los adolescentes que asisten más de tres horas de televisión al día.

Abstract Aim: to analyze the pattern and trends of use of screen-based devices and associated factors from two surveys conducted on public high school students in Caruaru-PE. Methods: two representative school-based cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2007 (n=600) and 2012 (n=715) on high school students (15-20 years old). The time of exposure to television (TV) and computer/videogames PC/VG was obtained through a validated questionnaire, and ≥3 hours/day was considered as being excessive exposure. The independent variables were socioeconomic status, school related, and physical activity. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression were employed to examine the factors associated with screen time. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: There was a significant reduction in TV time on weekdays and total weekly, but no change in the prevalence of excessive exposure. The proportion of exposure to PC/VG of ≥3 hours/day increased 182.5% on weekdays and 69.5% on weekends (p <0.05). In 2007, being physically active was the only protection factor for excessive exposure to total screen time. In 2012, girls presented less chance of excessive exposure to all screen-based devices and total screen time. Other protective factors were studying at night and being physically active (PC/VG time), while residing in an urban area [OR 5.03(2.77-7.41)] and having higher family income [OR 1.55(1.04-2.30)] were risk factors. Conclusion: Significant and important changes in the time trends and pattern of use PC/VG were observed during the interval of 5 years. This rapid increase could be associated with increased family income and improved access to these devices, driven by technological developments.